Trafficking

Conference Resources

(Materials are organized according to the conference agenda.)

I) Progress and Challenges in Global Efforts to Combat Child Sex Trafficking

Address of Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe at the first meeting of the Ad hoc Committee on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (CAHTEH) 15 September 2003. This speech addresses some of the challenges of fighting child sex trafficking and stresses the importance of an interdisciplinary approach.
http://www.coe.int/T/E/human_rights/
Trafficking/2_Cahteh/Speech.asp#TopOfPage
Site from New Zealand with the slogans: "If there were no demand, there would be no supply" and "We could end the child sex trade tomorrow, if the demand for child sex stopped today." Takes the stance that child sex trafficking is a problem of demand and that it should be addressed from that perspective.
http://www.stopdemand.com/wawcs016272/ln-home.html
International Labour Office and International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour. Unbearable to the Human Heart: Child Trafficking and Action to Eliminate It. This report includes an overview of child trafficking and initiatives to combat it. It also presents an nalysis of connections between child trafficking and other worst forms of child labor.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/
ipec/publ/childtraf/unbearable.pdf
UNICEF. 2003. Stop the Traffic! This report presents an overview of child trafficking including causes, consequences, statistics, and possible ways to address the issue.
http://www.endchildexploitation.org.uk/pdf/ct/UKtraffickingreportfinal.pdf
Paper prepared by Prof. Vitit Muntarbhorn, Chulalongkorn Univ, Thailand. Former UN special rapporteur, for the Conference on the Human Rights Challenge of Globalization in the Asia-Pacific and the United States: The Trafficking-in-Persons, especially Women and Children organized by the Globalization Research Center.
http://www.hawaii.edu/global/projects_activities/Trafficking/Vitit.pdf
The International Labour Organization’s International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor lists sex trafficking among the worst forms of child labor and has produced conventions addressing the issue.
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/index.htm

II) "Children for Sale" NBC News Documentary

The MSNBC summary of the program includes video clips and excerpts from interview transcripts. In addition, the site lists links which address trafficking in Cambodia and internationally.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4038249/

III) Recognizing the Person

U.S. State Department fact sheet: "How Can I Recognize Trafficking Victims?" from the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. The fact sheet provides a profile of trafficking victims.
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/fs/34563.htm
The Campaign to Rescue and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking also provides a fact sheet with information on recognizing and assisting child victims.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/about/children_victims.html
"Prostitution in 5 Countries: Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Prostitution Research and Development. An article exploring the link between prostitution-related violence and post-traumatic stress disorder.
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/prostitution_research/000020.html
Kyla Kaun, Prostitutes’ Empowerment, Education, and Resource Society, Vancouver, BC (PEERS Vancouver) a non-profit society working for the empowerment, education, and support of sex workers.
http://www.peersvancouver.org/splash.asp

IV) Global Resources Panel 1, Codes of Conduct

The Code—Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism.
http://www.thecode.org
The Global Compact, launched in 2000 and initiated by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, brought businesses together with UN agencies and civil society to support social principles which are universal. The Compact is purely voluntary and relies on public accountability and transparency. It was a model for the type of initiative which produced the Code.
http://www.unglobalcompact.org/
Jill Esbenshade’s book addresses the issue of the effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct, arguing that they are agreed to by businesses in order to stave off further pressure and are not followed as closely as is often assumed.
Esbenshade, Jill. Monitoring Sweatshops: Workers, Consumers, and the Global Apparel Industry. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004.
Prof. Chantal Thomas, visiting professor of International Law, University of Minnesota Law School, presented the lecture "International Law Against Sex Trafficking, In Perspective."
http://www.law.wisc.edu/ils/wisgarnov13.htm
Camelia Tepelus, Secretariat Coordinator, the Code, published several relevant pieces.
http://www.iiiee.lu.se/C1256B88002A83F9/$webAllPers/
08337EE7CD089A73C1256BE4004E4E5D?OpenDocument
Carol Smolenski, Executive Director, EPCAT USA, wrote " Sex Tourism and the Sexual Exploitation of Children."
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_n33_v112/ai_17934612
Remarks by Melanne Verveer, Chair, Board of Directors, Vital Voices Global Partnership, at the Conference on "Strategies for Combating Human Trafficking in Asia."
http://www.vitalvoices.org/files/docs/melanne_verveer_remarks_japan.pdf

V) Public Service Announcements for Air Passengers

Other public service announcements pertaining to human trafficking can be found on the United Nations’ Office on Drugs and Crime website:
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/multimedia.html

VI) Global Responses, Empowerment of Girls

United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan spoke about the importance of educating girls and empowering women:
http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2004/sgsm9118.html
Lyndall De Marco, Director, International Tourism Partnership, Youth Career Initiative:
http://www.youthcareerinitiative.org/news.htm

VII) The Role of Government in Combating Child Sex Trafficking: Protection, Prosecution, and Prevention

"Federal Government Efforts to Combat Human Trafficking." Provides links to multiple U. S. government sites which address the issue of human trafficking.
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/rescue_restore/fed_efforts.html
The government of Australia has taken a series of steps, addressed on the following site, to combat human trafficking:
http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/eap/australia/./
"President Announces Initiative to Combat Human Sex Trafficking" at a 2004 conference on human trafficking.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/07/20040716-11.html
Greece has implemented anti-trafficking legislation, as noted in the following article:
http://www.helleniccomserve.com/archivedgreeknews33.html
Amy Fraley examines national legislation against human trafficking in various countries and contends that it is insufficient to address the problem without an international perspective.
Fraley, Amy."Child Sex Toursim Legislation Under the Protect Act: Does it Really Protect?" St. John’s Law Review Association, 2005.
Ambassador John R. Miller, Director of the office to monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons of the United States State Department, participated in a session of Ask the White House, in which he answered questions regarding human trafficking.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/ask/20040322.html
Deborah A. Cundy, VP External Affairs, Carlson Companies
http://www.carlson.com/index.cfm

VIII) Global Responses, Panel 2, Regional Models

Council of Europe’s "Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings."
http://www.coe.int/T/E/human_rights/trafficking/
Data was collected from nine countries and analyzed to create the Organization of American States’ Inter-American Commission of Women’s report on trafficking in persons.
http://www.oas.org/main/main.asp?sLang=E&sLink=
http://www.oas.org/TOURISM/home.htm
ECPAT Australia’s Child Wise program endeavors to lessen and prevent child sex trafficking in Australia and internationally.
http://www.ecpat.org/our-vision.php
"In the Name of Culture and Tradition" addresses girls’ vulnerability to sexual exploitation, citing a range of cultures, including some in the United States which exploit and perpetuate this vulnerability.
http://www.stopdemand.com/wa.asp?idWebPage=8109&idDetails=140
Annuska Derks for the International Organization for Migration. 2000. Combating Trafficking in South-East Asia: A Review of Policy and Programme Responses. Geneva: International Organization for Migration. A report on human trafficking in South-East Asia includes a history of the problem and a discussion of various approaches.
http://www.imadr.org/project/petw/combattingtrafficking_southeastasia.pdf
Prof. Cynthia Messer, Tourism Center, University of Minnesota, has published several articles and presented speeches which can be found at:
http://www.tourism.umn.edu/about/staff/messer.html
Christine Beddoe, Director of EPCAT USA, wrote EPCAT’s Consultation on Child Sex Tourism in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka:
http://www.ecpat.net/eng/Ecpat_inter/projects/
sex_tourism/Executive%20Summary.Web1.pdf

IX) Panel 3, Where Business, Government, NGOs, and Academia Intersect

World Tourism Organization. The Task Force to Protect Children from Sexual Exploitation in Tourism is a cooperative effort between government, industry, NGOs, and media.
http://www.world-tourism.org/protect_children/index.htm
Anti-Slavery International. 2003. The Migration-Trafficking Nexus: Combating Trafficking Through the Protection of Migrants’ Human Rights. This report provides information about efforts to address human trafficking through cooperative measure by addressing policies from a broader migration framework.
http://www.antislaveryinternational.org/homepage/resources/
the%20migration%20trafficking%20nexus%202003.pdf
"From Talk to Walk" addresses the human rights obligations of transnational companies.
Kinley, David and Junko Tadaki."From TRalk to Walk: The Emergence of Human Rights Responsibilities for Corporations at International Law." Virginia Journal of International Law Association, 2004.
Mohamed Mattar, Executive Director of the Protection Project, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, responded to an anti-trafficking initiative within the Russian government:
http://moscow.usembassy.gov/embassy/transcript.php?record_id=96
Amy O’Neill Richard, Senior Advisor to the Director in the State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, published a report on "International Trafficking in Women to the United States: A Contemporary Manifestation of Slavery and Organized Crime."
http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/women/trafficking.pdf

X) Panel 4, Global Responses, Student Actions

The Campus Coalition Against Trafficking was created to strengthen the anti-trafficking movement through the involvement of youth.
http://www.polarisproject.org/ccatcoalition/index.htm
STOP, Students Against Trafficking of Persons, is a University of Washington student organization which endeavors to end human trafficking.
http://students.washington.edu/stopuw/
Captive Daughters’ Teen Allies provides a place for young activists to speak against trafficking.
http://www.captivedaughters.org/teenallies.htm

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Last modified on September 21, 2009